![]() There are presently two leading antidote treatments, hydroxocobalamin and sodium thiosulfate, which have been mainly described in case reports and retrospective and prospective studies to demonstrate their functional effectiveness in cyanide poisoning. Typically, cyanide toxicity treatment is initiated when there is high clinical suspicion of exposure. This process prevents aerobic metabolism, which results in diffuse clinical symptoms such as dizziness, headache, weakness, and tachypnea, with progression to seizures, paralysis, and coma. Once internalized, cyanide binds to cytochrome oxidase a 3, a terminal complex in the electron transport chain. Most commonly, cyanide is inhaled from the thermal breakdown of synthetic compounds during residential or industrial fires. ![]() Exposure to cyanide ions can occur through inhalation, skin absorption, and ingestion or even through metabolism. Cyanide has well known adverse effects, some of which are rapidly fatal, documented as early as 1679.
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